哈佛大学论文引用格式，可能对部分需要英语写作和编辑的人有用吧，这个文档总结得相当简明扼要了(最常见的文献都总结出了其引用的格式)哈佛大学的引用格式其知名度相当广，几乎全世界大学都备受推崇，以下是小编搜集整理的哈佛大学论文引用格式，供大家阅读参考。
CITING REFERENCES INTEXT
1一个作者在文章中的注明，有两种方式：
1)作者姓氏在文章中直接标注，如：
In general when writing for a professionalpublication it is good practice to make reference to other relevant publishedwork. This view has been supported in the work of Cormack (1994).
如果直接引用原文，则必须用‘’号标注引用部分，并标注引用部分所在的文献页数，如：
Cormack (1994 pp.32-33) statesthat 'when writing for a professional readership writers invariably makereference to already published works'.
2) 作者姓氏不在文章中直接标注，如
Making reference to published work appearsto be characteristic of writing for a professional audience (Cormack 1994).
2一个作者以上在文章中的注明，如：
Jones (1946) and Smith (1948) have both shown …
或者：
Further research in the late forties (Jones 1946; Smith 1948)lead to major developments……
(Collins 1998; Brown 2001; Davies 2008)
3 二、三、四个作者写同一篇文献， 如：
During the mid nineties research undertakenin Luton (Slater and Jones 1996) showed that...
or
Earlier research (White and Brown 1966) demonstrated thatthe presence of certain chemicals would lead to...
4 多于4个作者来自同一篇文章， 如：
Green et al. (1995) found that the majority …
or:
Recent research (Green et al. 1995) has found that themajority of …
5 同一个作者不同时期的文章should be cited in chronological order (i.e. earliest first) ，如:
as suggested by Bloggs (1992 1994) whofound that …
or:
research in the nineties (Bloggs 19921994) found that …
6 同一个作者，同一年份，不同作品，如：
Earlier research by Dunn (1993a) found that…but later researchsuggested again by Dunn (1993b) that …
If several works published in the same year are referred to on a singleoccasion or an author has made the same point in several publications theycan all be referred to by using lower case letters (as above):
Bloggs (1993a b) has stated on more than one occasion that …
7 书的章节作者
In his work on health information Smith(1975) states …
In thereference list at the end of your document you should include details of boththe chapter author and the editor of the entire work
(See Section on Chapters of edited books for further details).
8 ‘企事业单位‘作者
This appliesto publications by associations companies government departments etc. such asDepartment of the Environment or Royal College of Nursing.
It is acceptable to use standard abbreviations for these bodies e.g. RCN inyour text providing that the full name is given at the first citing with theabbreviation in brackets:
1st citation:
… research in 2006 undertaken by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) has shownthat …
2nd citation:
More recently the RCN (2007) has issued guidelines …
Note that the full name is the preferred format in the reference list. Somereports are written by specially convened groups or committees and can be citedby the name of the committee:
Committee onNursing (1972)
Select Committee on Stem Cell Research (2002)
Note there are some exceptions to this suchas
BBC Philharmonic Orchestra
BBC News
where the abbreviations or initials form part of the official name.
9 无作者名
If the authorcannot be identified use ‘Anonymous’ or ‘Anon’and the title of the work and date of publication. The title should be writtenin italics. Every effort should be made to establish the authorship if youintend to use this work as supporting evidence in an academic submission:
Marketing strategy (Anon. 1999)
10 无年份
The abbreviationn.d. is used to denote this:
Smith (n.d.) has written and demonstrated……
or indirectly:
Earlier research (Smith n.d.) demonstratedthat……
Every effort should be made to establish the year of publication if you intendto use this work as supporting evidence in an academic submission.
11 页数
Including thepage numbers of a reference will help readers trace your sources. This isparticularly important for quotations and for paraphrasing specific paragraphsin the text:
Lawrence (1966 p.124) states "we should expect..."
or indirectly:
This is to be expected (Lawrence 1966p.124)...
Please note page numbers: proceeded with p. for a single page. and pp. for arange of pages.
12 二手材料
You may comeacross a summary of another author’s work in the source you are reading whichyou would like to make reference to in your own document; this is calledsecondary referencing.
A direct reference:
Research recently carried out in theGreater Manchester area by Brown (1966 cited in Bassett 1986 p.142) foundthat …
In this example Brown is the work which you wish to refer to but have notread directly for yourself. Bassett is the secondary source where you foundthe summary of Brown’s work.
Indirectly:
(Brown 1966 cited in Bassett 1986 p.142)
In the example below White is the primary or original source and Black is thesecondary source. It is important to realise that Black may have taken White'sideas forward and altered their original meaning. If you need to cite asecondary reference it is recommended that where possible you read theoriginal source for yourself rather than rely on someone else’s interpretationof a work.
White (1990) as cited in Black (1994)suggests that...
The reference list at the end of your document should only containworks that you have read.
13 图表
Whenreproducing selected data from a diagram or table or copying the entire tableor diagram a reference must be made to the source.
A reference within the text to a table taken from e.g. a book should includethe author and page (Smith 2005 p.33) to enable the reader to identify thedata. If the source of the data is not the author’s own but obtained fromanother source it becomes a secondary reference and needs to be cited as such:
(United Nations 1975 cited in Smith 2005p.33)
If the table is reproduced in its entirety place the citation as a footnote. Beparticularly careful to note the original source of data as well as theauthorship of the document. Full details should be included in the referencelist.
In the following example a table is reproduced from page 267 of a bookwritten by Robert Amazon which is the 4th edition and published by FT PrenticeHall of HarlowEnglandin 2005. The title of the book is Management in the media: decision makers.
* If you wish to reproduce the table in your own work – replicate the table
14 网站
Recent research on meningitis (BBC 2009)has shown …
COMPILING THE REFERENCE LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 Books with one author
Author Initials. Year. title of book.Edition. (only include this if not the first edition) Place of publication(this must be a town or city not a country): Publisher.
如：Redman P.2006. Good essay writing: a social sciences guide. 3rd ed. London: Open Universityin assoc. with Sage.
2 Books with two three or four authors
The required elements for a reference are: Author Initials. Year. titleof book. Edition (only include this if not the first edition). Place:Publisher.
如： Barker R.Kirk J. and Munday R.J. 1988. Narrative analysis. 3rd ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
3 Books with more than four authors
Author Initials.and et al Year. title of book. Edition (only include this if not thefirst edition). Place: Publisher.
如：
Grace B. et al. 1988. A history ofthe world. Princeton NJ:Princeton University Press.
4 Books which are edited
For books whichare edited give the editor(s) surname(s) and initials followed by ed.or eds..
Author Initials. ed. Year. title of book. Edition. Place:Publisher.
如：Keene E. ed. 1988. Natural language. Cambridge:University of Cambridge Press.
Silverman D.F. and Propp K.K. eds. 1990. The active interview. Beverly Hills CA:Sage.
5 Chapters of edited books
Chapter author(s) surname(s) and initials. Year of chapter. title of chapterfollowed by In: Book editor(s) initials and surnames with ed. or eds. after thelast name. Year of book. title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.Chapter number or first and last page numbers followed by full-stop.
如：
Smith J. 1975. A source of information.In: W. Jones ed. 2000. One hundred and one ways to find information abouthealth. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress.Ch.2.
6 Multiple works by the same author
Author Initals. Year. title of book. Place: Publisher.
Soros G. 1966a. The road to serfdom. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
Soros G. 1966b. Beyond the road to serfdom. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
An intext reference for the above example would read:
(Soros 1966a)
(Soros 1966b)
7 Books which have beentranslated
Author Year. title of book. Translated from (language) by (name oftranslator) Place of publication: Publisher.
如：Canetti E. 2001. The voices of Marrakesh: a record of a visit.Translated from German by J.A.Underwood. San Francisco: Arion.
8 E-books
Author Year title of book. [type of medium] Place of publication:Publisher. Followed by “Available through:” include e-book source/database webaddress or URL [Accessed date].
如：Fishman R. 2005. The rise and fall of suburbia. [e-book] Chester: Castle Press.Available through: Anglia Ruskin UniversityLibrary [Accessed 5 June 2005].
9Journal articles
Author Initials. Year. title of article. Full title of JournalVolume number (Issue/Part number) Page numbers.
Boughton J.M.2002. The Bretton Woods proposal: an indepth look. Political ScienceQuarterly 42(6) pp.564-78.
10 Journal articles availablefrom a database
Author Initials. Year. title of article. Full title of Journal[type of medium] Volume number (Issue/Part number) Page numbers if availalble.Available through: name of database [Accessed date]
如：BoughtonJ.M. 2002. The Bretton Woods proposal: an in depth look. Political ScienceQuarterly [e-journal] 42 (6) Available through: Blackwell Science Synergydatabase [Accessed 12 June 2005].
11 Magazine or journal articles available onthe internet
Authors Initials. Year . title of article Full title of Magazine[online]. Available at: web address (quote the exact URL for the article)[Accessed date].
如： Kipper D. 2008.Japan’snew dawn Popular Science and Technology [online] Availableat: [Accessed 22 June2009].
12Journal abstract from a database
AuthorInitials. Year. title of article. Full title of Journal [type ofmedium] Volume number (Issue/Part number) Page numbers if availalble Abstractonly.
Available through:.[name of database]. [Accessed date].
如：BoughtonJ.M. 2002. The Bretton Woods proposal: a brief look. Political ScienceQuarterly [e-journal] 42(6) Abstract only. Available through:BlackwellScienceSynergy database [Accessed 12 June 2005].
13Newspaper articles
Author Initials. Year. title of article. Full title of NewspaperDay and month before page numbers and column line.
如：Slapper G.2005. Corporate manslaughter: new issues for lawyers.
The Times 3 Sep. p.4b.
14Online newspaper articles
Author or corporate author Year. title of document or page. Name ofnewspaper [type of medium] Additional date information. Availableat:.[name of database]. [Accessed date].
如：ChittendenM. Rogers L. and Smith D. 2003. Focus: ‘Targetitis ails NHS. TimesOnline [online]1 June. Available at:[Accessed 17 March 2005].
Other types of documents
1 Annual report
Corporateauthor Year of publication. Full title of annual report Place ofPublication: Publisher.
如：Marks Spencer 2004.The way forward annual report 2003-2004 London: Marks Spencer.
For an e-version of an annual report. The required elementsfor a reference are:
Author or corporate author Year. title of document or page [type ofmedium]
Available at: include web site address/URL(Uniform Resource Locator)
[Accessed date]
Marks Spencer 2004. Annualreport 2003-2004. [Online]
Available at:
[Accessed 4 June 2005].
2 Patent
Inventor name Initial(s). Assignee.Year.title. Place. Patent number(status if an application).
如：
Graham C.P. Fonti L. and Martinez A.M. 1972. AmericanSugar Co. Tableting sugar and compositions containing it. U.S.Pat. 3642535. Leonard Y.Super Sports Limited. 2008. Tin can manufacture and method of sealing. Canada. Pat.12789675.
3 Dissertation
Author Year of publication. title of dissertation. Level. Officialname of University.
如：RichmondJ. 2005. Customer expectations in the world of electronic banking: a casestudy of the Bank of Britain. Ph. D. Anglia Ruskin University.
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