12月19日消息， 2015年12月19日全国大学英语六级考试已结束，有趣的是，在其中一个版本的试题中，选词填空第三篇出现了关于诺基亚的文章，该文章节选于外媒Project-Syndicate在2014年10月份刊登的一篇文章，题目为《谁杀死了诺基亚手机(Who Killed the Nokia Phone?)》。
该文章认为，很多曾在某一科技领域领先的公司一旦业绩不景气，失败的来临往往是快速而又残酷的，诺基亚的手机业务正是如此。作为曾经最大的智能手机厂商，仅仅几年间就丢掉了大部分的市场份额，到了2013年底甚至把手机业务彻底卖给了微软。
那么是什么杀死了诺基亚手机呢?文章观点认为，首先iPhone的出现使得消费者的喜好转向了触屏手机，而最后决定了诺基亚手机命运的则是斯蒂芬·埃洛普(Stephen Elop )出任公司CEO后所做得一系列决定。
文章称在埃洛普任职诺基亚CEO的期间，公司的市价每天平均跌2300万美元，使得他成为了史上最差劲的CEO之一。
但犯错的并不只是埃洛普一个人，诺基亚的董事会不愿做出改变，使得公司很难对瞬息万变的市场做出反应也是重要原因，尤其是约玛·奥利拉(诺基亚公司前董事长)，这个曾经将诺基亚打造成一个科技巨头的人，并没有看到诺基亚面对市场的变化需要做出怎样的改变。
此外，为了节省开支，诺基亚做出了大量裁员的决定，这也跟诺基亚一直以来敢于冒险、创造奇迹的精神相违背。优秀的领导人带着诺基亚的愿景和使命离开了公司，之后诺基亚最有价值的设计和编程人才离开公司也就不奇怪了。
文章最后总结到，诺基亚手机的失败让人明白，科技公司只通过取悦董事会或者跟合作伙伴达成巨额的协议是无法取得成功的，只有让用户高兴，才是取得成功的不二法宝。
你同意文章的观点吗?对了，做过这套题的小伙伴觉得难吗?
原题及答案：
《Who Killed the Nokia Phone?》
It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions – often quickly and brutally。 Mobile-phone champion Nokia， one of Europe’s biggest technology success stories， was no exception， losing its market share in the space of just a few years。 Can the industry’s new champions， Apple and Google – not to mention titans in other tech sectors – avoid Nokia’s fate?
In 2007， Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile-phone sales worldwide。 But
consumers’ preferences were already shifting toward touch-screen smartphones。 With the introduction of Apple’s iPhone in the middle of that year， Nokia’s market share shrunk rapidly and revenue plummeted。 By the end of 2013， Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft。
What sealed Nokia’s fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his
position as CEO， which he assumed in October 2010。 Each day that Elop spent at Nokia’s helm， the company’s market value declined by ?8 million ($23 million) – making him， by the numbers， one of the worst CEOs in history。
But Elop was not the only person at fault。 Nokia’s board resisted change， making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry。 Most notably， Jorma Ollila， who had led Nokia’s transition from an industrial conglomerate to a technology giant， was too enamored with the company’s previous success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness。
The company also embarked on a desperate cost-cutting program， which included the elimination of thousands of jobs。 This contributed to the deterioration of the company’s once-spirited culture， which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles。 Good leaders left the company， taking Nokia’s sense of vision and direction with them。 Not surprising， much of Nokia’s most valuable design and programming talent left as well。
36。 E。 exception
37。 O。 worldwide
38。 N。 transmitting
39。 L。 shrank
40。 A。 assumed
41。 F。 fault
42。 H。 notably
43。 I。 previous
44。 C。 desperate
45。 D。 deterioration
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